Gynoturmi

The menstrual cycle is a series of physiological changes that occur in the female body over approximately 28 days (though it can range from 21 to 35 days). The cycle is primarily regulated by hormonal changes and prepares the body for a potential pregnancy. Here’s a breakdown of the menstrual cycle, divided into key phases:

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

1. Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5)
   • Description: The menstrual cycle begins with menstruation, which is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) when there is no fertilization of an egg.
   • Hormones: Levels of estrogen and progesterone are low, leading to the shedding of the endometrial lining.
   • Symptoms: Women may experience menstrual cramps, bloating, mood swings, and other symptoms.
2. Follicular Phase (Days 1-13)
   • Description: This phase overlaps with the menstrual phase and continues until ovulation. The pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles.
   • Hormones: FSH promotes the maturation of the follicles in the ovaries and stimulates the production of estrogen by the developing follicles. Rising estrogen levels lead to the thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for a potential pregnancy.
   • Ovulation Preparation: As the follicles mature, usually one becomes dominant and prepares to release an egg.
3. Ovulation (Around Day 14)
   • Description: Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the dominant follicle in the ovary. It typically occurs around the midpoint of the menstrual cycle.
   • Hormones: A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggered by the rising estrogen levels leads to the release of the egg.
   • Symptoms: Some women may notice increased cervical mucus, heightened libido, or mild cramping during ovulation.
4. Luteal Phase (Days 15-28)
   • Description: After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and some estrogen. This phase prepares the uterine lining for the potential implantation of a fertilized egg.
   • Hormones: Progesterone causes the endometrium to thicken and become more vascular. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum disintegrates, leading to a decline in hormone levels.
   • Symptoms: Some women may experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which can include mood swings, bloating, breast tenderness, and fatigue.

Cycle Conclusion

• If fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg implants itself in the uterine lining, and pregnancy begins, preventing the breakdown of the endometrium.
• If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone levels drop, and the uterine lining sheds during the menstrual phase, marking the beginning of a new cycle.

Summary

The menstrual cycle is a complex interplay of hormones that prepares the body for pregnancy each month. Its phases—menstrual, follicular, ovulation, and luteal—are characterized by specific hormonal changes that regulate the functioning of the ovaries and uterus. The cycle can vary in length and may be affected by factors such as stress, diet, illness, and hormonal imbalances. If you have any specific questions or need more detailed information about any aspect of the menstrual cycle, feel free to ask.